Suchergebnisse

Local governments are key to establishing public policies linked to the 2030 Agenda. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), public innovation is essential, and one of the essential pillars is transversality and partnerships (internal and external). This implies a transformative political, technical, and institutional culture that some authors have called, in the case of Andalusia, Spain, a "culture of solidarity", as many of the elements of the 2030 Agenda are established within local organizations. This article aims to answer the question: Do Andalusian local authorities have an organizational culture and structure that facilitates the localization of the SDGs? To do so, it analyzes the conditioning factors, facilitators, and barriers that exist in local governments to advance in the mainstreaming of the localization and development processes of the 2030 Agenda in their territories. A study has been carried out on the perception of local technicians and the assessment of their own organization aligned with the 2030 Agenda. The results obtained indicate that local governments in Andalusia have made efforts to establish social actions and policies against poverty. The 2030 Agenda is perceived as an opportunity to transform local entities, with more open, collaborative, transversal, and interconnected institutions.

La siguiente obra presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación titulado Configuración de la cultura política democrática en Bucaramanga: categorías conceptuales, actores políticos y prácticas electorales, desarrollado por los historiadores Dayana Lucía Lizcano Herrera y Oscar Mauricio Pabón Serrano, en el marco de la Novena Convocatoria Interna de Investigación de la Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Bucaramanga. El título seleccionado satiriza y critica la forma en que se ha venido desvirtuando y desfigurando aquel momento de la historia contemporánea que se empezó a denominar como el novedoso y evolucionado tiempo de la "sociedad de la información", en respuesta al uso intensivo y al papel preponderante de las TIC, específicamente a la masificación de internet y de los servicios prestados a través de esta red. Muchos afirmaron que con el nuevo milenio vendría una mejor sociedad, más informada, conocedora, desarrollada, pacífica, democrática y sostenible. Pero durante la segunda década del siglo XXI percibimos cómo estas nuevas tecnologías se utilizaron para desinformar, manipular y atemorizar a la ciudadanía, con un efecto contrario al esperado, vinieron los tiempos de las "noticias falsas" y la posverdad, que quebrantaron incluso al sistema político considerado como el culmen del proceso de civilización occidental: la democracia ; The following work presents the results of the research project entitled Configuration of democratic political culture in Bucaramanga: conceptual categories, political actors and electoral practices, developed by historians Dayana Lucía Lizcano Herrera and Oscar Mauricio Pabón Serrano, within the framework of the Ninth Call Research Intern at the Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Bucaramanga. The selected title satirises and criticizes the way in which that moment in contemporary history that began to be called the new and evolved time of the "information society" has been distorted and disfigured, in response to intensive use and paper preponderant of ICT, specifically to the massification of the internet and the services provided through this network. Many claimed that with the new millennium would come a better, more informed, knowledgeable, developed, peaceful, democratic and sustainable society. But during the second decade of the 21st century it was seen how these new technologies were used to misinform, manipulate and frighten the public, with an effect contrary to what was expected, the times of "fake news" and post-truth came, which even broke the system political considered as the culmination of the process of western civilization: democracy

Las experiencias internacionales sobre la transformación pacífica y negociada de los conflictos demuestran que los temas jurídicos relacionados con la responsabilidad penal y el juzgamiento de los crímenes cometidos en tiempos de guerra, representan los aspectos centrales de las agendas de negociación y los temas que más complejizan la construcción de acuerdos finales. Por esta razón, y en el marco de una justicia que cada vez más se globaliza ampliando la jurisdicción de los tribunales internacionales para juzgar los delitos de lesa humanidad, se acude a modelos de justicia transicional y al acuerdo de penas alternativas cuando se negocia la paz y la desmovilización de los actores armados, modelos que se construyen a partir de tres criterios fundamentales: máximos de verdad, mínimos de justicia y mecanismos para la reparación de las víctimas. En consecuencia, la opinión pública, los críticos y observadores perciben que en estos procesos de negociación la justica es sacrificada y se abre el paso a la "impunidad" como el medio más flexible para la transición o el fin de los conflictos armados. De esta manera, el presente artículo tiene el propósito de comparar los procesos de paz llevados a cabo por el Gobierno colombiano con los grupos guerrilleros M-19 y FARC-EP, centrando la reflexión en las categorías de justicia e impunidad emergidas de dichas experiencias de negociación. ; International experiences on peaceful and negotiated conflict transformation demonstrate that the legal issues related to criminal responsibility and prosecution of crimes committed during wartime, represent the central aspects of the negotiation agendas and issues that complicate the construction of final agreements. For this reason, and as part of a justice system that is increasingly globalized extending the jurisdiction of international tribunals to prosecute crimesagainst humanity, we turn to models of transitional justice and the agreement of alternative sanctions when peace is negotiated and demobilization of armed actors, models constructed from three fundamental criteria: maximum of truth, justice lows and mechanisms for victims reparation. Consequently, public opinion, critics and observers perceive that in these negotiation processes the justice is sacrificed and the path is opened to the "impunity" as the more flexible means for the transition or the end of armed conflict. Thus, this article is intended to compare the peace processes carried out by the Colombian government with the M-19 and FARC-EP guerrilla groups, focusing reflection in the categories of justice and impunity emerged for such negotiation experiences.

Este artículo contiene 5 páginas, 2 figuras. ; Knowledge of reproductive biology is essential for ecological studies on coral population dynamics. The azooxanthellate colonial coral Astroides calycularis is endemic to the western Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Atlantic coasts. Specimens of this species in artificial conditions, an aquarium with enclosed seawater and low food availability, appeared to show an asexual dispersal mechanism. This mechanism consisted of the detachment and release of single, skeletonless polyps from the underlying colony skeleton (i.e., polyp bail-out). While the released free-living polyps regularly showed extended tentacles and most of them survived, they did not show re-attachment to the substrate or any skeleton formation until the end of the experiment, ∼2–3 months after bail-out. Formation of new reproductive colonies, thereby the eventual completion of asexual reproduction through polyp bail-out in A. calycularis, still needs to be confirmed. In addition to sexual reproduction, polyp bail-out may constitute an alternative propagation mechanism during periods of environmental stress, thereby potentially increasing the survival rate of the parental genotype and the dispersal by drifting soft polyps. ; Financial support was provided by the CSI-Coral project (CGL2013-43106-R) from the Spanish Government. OS was supported by an ARC DECRA (DE170101524). ES and RC are part of the Marine Biogeochemistry and Global Change research group from the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR1029). ; Peer reviewed

Las experiencias internacionales sobre la transformación pacífica y negociada de los conflictos demuestran que los temas jurídicos relacionados con la responsabilidad penal y el juzgamiento de los crímenes cometidos en tiempos de guerra, representan los aspectos centrales de las agendas de negociación y los temas que más complejizan la construcción de acuerdos finales. Por esta razón, y en el marco de una justicia que cada vez más se globaliza ampliando la jurisdicción de los tribunales internacionales para juzgar los delitos de lesa humanidad, se acude a modelos de justicia transicional y al acuerdo de penas alternativas cuando se negocia la paz y la desmovilización de los actores armados, modelos que se construyen a partir de tres criterios fundamentales: máximos de verdad, mínimos de justicia y mecanismos para la reparación de las víctimas. En consecuencia, la opinión pública, los críticos y observadores perciben que en estos procesos de negociación la justica es sacrificada y se abre el paso a la "impunidad" como el medio más flexible para la transición o el fin de los conflictos armados. De esta manera, el presente artículo tiene el propósito de comparar los procesos de paz llevados a cabo por el Gobierno colombiano con los grupos guerrilleros M-19 y FARC-EP, centrando la reflexión en las categorías de justicia e impunidad emergidas de dichas experiencias de negociación. ; International experiences on peaceful and negotiated conflict transformation demonstrate that the legal issues related to criminal responsibility and prosecution of crimes committed during wartime, represent the central aspects of the negotiation agendas and issues that complicate the construction of final agreements. For this reason, and as part of a justice system that is increasingly globalized extending the jurisdiction of international tribunals to prosecute crimesagainst humanity, we turn to models of transitional justice and the agreement of alternative sanctions when peace is negotiated and demobilization of armed actors, models constructed from three fundamental criteria: maximum of truth, justice lows and mechanisms for victims reparation. Consequently, public opinion, critics and observers perceive that in these negotiation processes the justice is sacrificed and the path is opened to the "impunity" as the more flexible means for the transition or the end of armed conflict. Thus, this article is intended to compare the peace processes carried out by the Colombian government with the M-19 and FARC-EP guerrilla groups, focusing reflection in the categories of justice and impunity emerged for such negotiation experiences.

11 páginas, 5 figuras, 3 tablas. ; Trophic ecology has beneWtted from the use of stable isotopes for the last three decades. However, during the last 10 years, there has been a growing awareness of the isotopic biases associated with some pre-analytical procedures that can seriously hamper the interpretation of food webs. We have assessed the extent of such biases by: (1) reviewing the literature on the topic, and (2) compiling C and N isotopic values of marine invertebrates reported in the literature with the associated sample preparation protocols. The factors considered were: acid-washing, distilled water rinsing (DWR), sample type (whole individuals or pieces of soft tissues), lipid content, and gut contents. Twolevel ANOVA revealed overall large and highly signiWcant eVects of acidiWcation for both 13 C values (up to 0.9‰ decrease) and 15 N values (up to 2.1‰ decrease in whole individual samples, and up to 1.1‰ increase in tissue samples). DWR showed a weak overall eVect with 13 C increments of 0.6‰ (for the entire data set) or decrements of 0.7‰ in 15 N values (for tissue samples). Gut contents showed no overall signiWcant eVect, whereas lipid extraction resulted in the greatest biases in both isotopic signatures ( 13 C, up to ¡2.0‰ in whole individuals; 15 N, up to +4.3‰ in tissue samples). The study analyzed separately the eVects of the various factors in diVerent taxonomic groups and revealed a very high diversity in the extent and direction of the eVects. Maxillopoda, Gastropoda, and Polychaeta were the classes that showed the largest isotopic shifts associated with sample preparation. Guidelines for the standardization of sample preparation protocols for isotopic analysis are proposed both for large and small marine invertebrates. Broadly, these guidelines recommend: (1) avoiding both acid washing and DWR, and (2) performing lipid extraction and gut evacuation in most cases. ; This study has been Wnanced by the European Union project WADI (INCO: CE reference 015226) and by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíWcas (CEAB-CSIC). This work complies with the current laws of Spain. ; Peer reviewed

El siguiente artículo intenta precisar algunos aspectos metodológicos, conceptuales y temáticos que delinearon el desarrollo de la investigación y la ciencia histórica a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, época en la que se tomó conciencia de la necesidad de comprender desde las ciencias sociales todos los ámbitos de la actividad humana y de superar las barreras trazadas por la historia política de corte tradicional. Este movimiento de renovación se concretó en la corriente historiográfica conocida como la historial social, un enfoque que echó mano de las nuevas formas, objetos de estudio, teorías sociales y fuentes de información, replanteando el modo como se investiga el pasado, considerando el estudio de otros actores sociales y de los diferentes fenómenos que implican la vida en comunidad. En la parte final del artículo se reseñan tres investigaciones que ilustran el interés de los historiadores por los "otros" temas que, como la enfermedad o los estereotipos femeninos, llamaron la atención de la historia social. ; The following article tries to specify some methodological, conceptual and thematic aspects that delineated the development of the investigation and the historical science from the second half of the XXth century, epoch in which it became aware of the need to understand from the social sciences all the areas of human activity and to overcome the barriers traced by traditional political history. This movement of renewal materialized in the historiographical current known as the social history, a focus that used the new forms, objects of study, social theories and sources of information, rethinking the way in which the past is investigated, considering the study of other social actors and the different phenomena that involve life in community. In the final part of the article, three investigations are outlined that illustrate the interest of historians for the »other« topics, which, like the disease or female stereotypes, called attention to social history.

El siguiente artículo presenta la fundamentación normativa, epistemológica y tecnopedagógica del proceso de innovación educativa implementado por el Departamento de Humanidades de la Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Bucaramanga, que esta direccionado el mejoramiento y la redefinición del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde una perspectiva virtual, con el que se intenta fortalecer la formación integral, humanizar los escenarios digitales y promover el desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas como eje articulador del conocimiento, para brindar un entorno personal de aprendizaje que favorezca a los estudiantes de la Institución.

El siguiente artículo intenta precisar algunos aspectos metodológicos, conceptuales y temáticos que delinearon el desarrollo de la investigación y la ciencia histórica a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, época en la que se tomó conciencia de la necesidad de comprender desde las ciencias sociales todos los ámbitos de la actividad humana y de superar las barreras trazadas por la historia política de corte tradicional. Este movimiento de renovación se concretó en la corriente historiográfica conocida como la historial social, un enfoque que echó mano de las nuevas formas, objetos de estudio, teorías sociales y fuentes de información, replanteando el modo como se investiga el pasado, considerando el estudio de otros actores sociales y de los diferentes fenómenos que implican la vida en comunidad. En la parte final del artículo se reseñan tres investigaciones que ilustran el interés de los historiadores por los "otros" temas que, como la enfermedad o los estereotipos femeninos, llamaron la atención de la historia social.

The following article tries to specify some methodological, conceptual and thematic aspects that delineated the development of the investigation and the historical science from the second half of the XXth century, epoch in which it became aware of the need to understand from the social sciences all the areas of human activity and to overcome the barriers traced by traditional political history. This movement of renewal materialized in the historiographical current known as the social history, a focus that used the new forms, objects of study, social theories and sources of information, rethinking the way in which the past is investigated, considering the study of other social actors and the different phenomena that involve life in community. In the final part of the article, three investigations are outlined that illustrate the interest of historians for the »other« topics, which, like the disease or female stereotypes, called attention to social history. ; El siguiente artículo intenta precisar algunos aspectos metodológicos, conceptuales y temáticos que delinearon el desarrollo de la investigación y la ciencia histórica a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, época en la que se tomó conciencia de la necesidad de comprender desde las ciencias sociales todos los ámbitos de la actividad humana y de superar las barreras trazadas por la historia política de corte tradicional. Este movimiento de renovación se concretó en la corriente historiográfica conocida como la historial social, un enfoque que echó mano de las nuevas formas, objetos de estudio, teorías sociales y fuentes de información, replanteando el modo como se investiga el pasado, considerando el estudio de otros actores sociales y de los diferentes fenómenos que implican la vida en comunidad. En la parte final del artículo se reseñan tres investigaciones que ilustran el interés de los historiadores por los "otros" temas que, como la enfermedad o los estereotipos femeninos, llamaron la atención de la historia social.

El siguiente artículo intenta precisar algunos aspectos metodológicos, conceptuales y temáticos que delinearon el desarrollo de la investigación y la ciencia histórica a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, época en la que se tomó conciencia de la necesidad de comprender desde las ciencias sociales todos los ámbitos de la actividad humana y de superar las barreras trazadas por la historia política de corte tradicional. Este movimiento de renovación se concretó en la corriente historiográfica conocida como la historial social, un enfoque que echó mano de las nuevas formas, objetos de estudio, teorías sociales y fuentes de información, replanteando el modo como se investiga el pasado, considerando el estudio de otros actores sociales y de los diferentes fenómenos que implican la vida en comunidad. En la parte final del artículo se reseñan tres investigaciones que ilustran el interés de los historiadores por los "otros" temas que, como la enfermedad o los estereotipos femeninos, llamaron la atención de la historia social. ; The following article tries to specify some methodological, conceptual and thematic aspects that delineated the development of the investigation and the historical science from the second half of the XXth century, epoch in which it became aware of the need to understand from the social sciences all the areas of human activity and to overcome the barriers traced by traditional political history. This movement of renewal materialized in the historiographical current known as the social history, a focus that used the new forms, objects of study, social theories and sources of information, rethinking the way in which the past is investigated, considering the study of other social actors and the different phenomena that involve life in community. In the final part of the article, three investigations are outlined that illustrate the interest of historians for the »other« topics, which, like the disease or female stereotypes, called attention to social history.

The Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica maintains a biodiverse ecosystem and it is a world-wide important carbon sink. It grows for millennia, accumulating organic-rich soils (mats) beneath the meadows. This marine habitat is protected by the European Union; however, it is declining rapidly due to coastal development. Understanding its response to disturbances could inform habitat restoration, but many environmental impacts predate monitoring programs (years). This research explores the palaeoecological potential of Posidonia mats to reconstruct six thousand years of environmental change that could have affected Posidonia meadows and, in turn, left an imprint on the mats. Palynological, microcharcoal, magnetic susceptibility and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) analyses on Posidonia mats enabled us to detect climate- and human-induced environmental processes impacting on the seagrass during the Late Holocene. The pollen and microcharcoal records reconstructed anthropogenic disturbances attributed to agriculture. The record of GRSP shows that agrarian activities affected continental soil quality. Changes in magnetic susceptibility reveal that enhanced soil erosion was caused by both climate (major flooding events in the NW Mediterranean) and humans (cultivation) which impacted on the Posidonia mat. Finally, increased human impact is linked to eutrophication of coastal waters since Roman-Medieval times. Synthesis. This study shows that climate and land-use changes in the western Mediterranean resulted in enhanced loadings of terrigenous material to the coastal zone since the Late Holocene, likely disturbing the Posidonia meadows and their mat carbon accumulation dynamics. Under the current global change scenario in which CO2 emissions are projected to increase, restoring carbon sinks is a priority. Seagrass habitat restoration should consider not only the coastal perturbations, but also the continental ones at a catchment scale to preserve the socio-economic ecosystem services provided by seagrasses.

1. The Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica maintains a biodiverse ecosystem and it is aworld-wide important carbon sink. It grows for millennia, accumulating organic-rich soils (mats)beneath the meadows. This marine habitat is protected by the European Union; however, it is declin-ing rapidly due to coastal development. Understanding its response to dist urbances could informhabitat restoration, but many environmental impacts predate monitoring programs (<50 years).2. This research explores the palaeoecological potential of Posidonia mats to reconstruct six thou-sand years of environmental change that could have affected Posidonia meadows and, in turn, leftan imprint on the mats.3. Palynological, microcharcoal, magnetic susceptibility and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP)analyses on Posidonia mats enabled us to detect climate- and human-induced environmentalprocesses impacting on the seagrass during the Late Holocene.4. The poll en and microcharcoal records reconstructed anthropogenic disturbances attributed to agri-culture. The record of GRSP shows that agrarian activities affected continental soil quality. Changesin magnetic susceptibility reveal that enhanced soil erosion was caused by both climate (major flood-ing events in the NW Mediterranean) and humans (cultivation) which impacted on the Posidoniamat. Finally, increased human impact is linked to eutrophication of coastal waters since Roman-Medieval times.5. Synthesis. This study shows that climate and land-use changes in the western Mediterraneanresulted in enhanced loadings of terrigenous material to the coastal zone since the Late Holocene,likely disturbing the Posidonia meadows and their mat carbon accumulation dynamics. Under thecurrent global change scenario in which CO2emissions are projected to increase, restoring carbonsinks is a priority. Seagrass habitat rest oration should consi der not only the coastal perturbations,but also the continenta l ones at a catchment scale to preserve the socio-economic ecosystem servicesprovided by seagrasses ; Full Text